Search results for "Grey matter"

Cortical network fingerprints predict deep brain stimulation outcome in dystonia.

2018

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective evidence-based therapy for dystonia. However, no unequivocal predictors of therapy responses exist. We investigate whether patients optimally responding to DBS present distinct brain network organization and structural patterns.MethodsBased on a German multicentre cohort of eighty-two dystonia patients with segmental and generalized dystonia, who received DBS implantation in the globus pallidus internus patients were classified based on the clinical response 36 months after DBS, as superior-outcome group or moderate-outcome group, as above or below 70% motor improvement, respectively. Fifty-one patients met MRI-quality and treat…

Neuroanatomical substrate of noise sensitivity.

2018

Recent functional studies suggest that noise sensitivity, a trait describing attitudes towards noise and predicting noise annoyance, is associated with altered processing in the central auditory system. In the present work, we examined whether noise sensitivity could be related to the structural anatomy of auditory and limbic brain areas. Anatomical MR brain images of 80 subjects were parcellated with FreeSurfer to measure grey matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical area and folding index of anatomical structures in the temporal lobe and insular cortex. The grey matter volume of amygdala and hippocampus was measured as well. According to our findings, noise sensitivity is associated wi…

Grey Matter Microstructural Integrity Alterations in Blepharospasm Are Partially Reversed by Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy.

2016

OBJECTIVE Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) are the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders of facial muscles. Although similar in clinical presentation different pathophysiological mechanisms are assumed. Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) is a standard evidence-based treatment for both conditions. In this study we aimed to assess grey matter microstructural differences between these two groups of patients and compared them with healthy controls. In patients we furthermore tracked the longitudinal morphometric changes associated with BoNT therapy. We hypothesized microstructural differences between the groups at the time point of maximum symptoms representation a…

2016

Focal demyelinated lesions, diffuse white matter (WM) damage and grey matter (GM) atrophy influence directly the disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify specific characteristics of GM and WM structural networks in subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) in comparison to patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Twenty patients with CIS, thirty three with RRMS and forty healthy subjects were investigated using 3 T-MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging was applied, together with probabilistic tractography and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps for WM and cortical thickness correlation analysis for GM, to determine t…

Effects of DBS in parkinsonian patients depend on the structural integrity of frontal cortex

2017

AbstractWhile deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) has evolved to an evidence-based standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), the targeted cerebral networks are poorly described and no objective predictors for the postoperative clinical response exist. To elucidate the systemic mechanisms of DBS, we analysed cerebral grey matter properties using cortical thickness measurements and addressed the dependence of structural integrity on clinical outcome. Thirty one patients with idiopathic PD without dementia (23 males, age: 63.4 ± 9.3, Hoehn and Yahr: 3.5 ± 0.8) were selected for DBS treatment. The patients underwent whole-brain preoperative T1 MR-Imaging at 3 T. G…

Impairment of Everyday Spatial Navigation Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Weakly Associated with Reduced Grey Matter Volume in the Medial P…

2020

Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Mice are not Men: ADAM30 Findings Emphasize a Broader Look Towards Murine Alzheimer's Disease Models

2016

Due to the growing population of people at advanced age, the number of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing tremendously. In 2015 about 46.8 million people suffered from AD worldwide which is estimated to increase to 131.5 million by 2050. Brains of AD patients all show a common histopathology; they are marked by an atrophy and degeneration that is caused by a severe loss of neurons and synapses (Braak and Del Tredici, 2012). Moreover, so-called extracellular senile plaques that consist of predominantly amyloid β (Aβ) peptides can be detected in the grey matter where they surround neurons. Since generation of Aβ peptides is hypothesized to play a major role in AD path…

Secondary Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: Neuronal Exhaustion or Distinct Pathology?

2016

Prevention of progression in neurological diseases, particularly in multiple sclerosis (MS) but also in neurodegenerative diseases, remains a significant challenge. MS patients switch from a relapsing-remitting to a progressive disease course, but it is not understood why and how this conversion occurs and why some patients never experience disease progression. Do aging and accumulation of neuronal damage induce progression, or do cognitive symptoms and accelerated grey matter (GM) atrophy point to distinct processes affecting networks? This review weighs accepted dogma against real data on the secondary progressive phase of the disease, highlighting current challenges in this important fie…

RCBF-quantification with 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT: theory and first results.

1989

The activity concentrations of 99mTc-HMPAO in brain after intravenous injection were evaluated in 25 patients using SPECT. With additional first pass studies of heart and brain with the short lived isotope 195mAu, the cardiac output and the mean cerebral transit times of the patients were measured a short time before the HMPAO injection. The time dependence of 99mTc-HMPAO activity in the brain was registered during the first 5 min after injection over both hemispheres. Using a simplified three compartment model it was possible to calculate the mean retention fraction of HMPAO in brain from the time activity curves. It could be shown that the regional cerebral blood flow in ml/min per 100 g …

Increased structural white and grey matter network connectivity compensates for functional decline in early multiple sclerosis

2016

Background: The pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) consists of demyelination and neuronal injury, which occur early in the disease; yet, remission phases indicate repair. Whether and how the central nervous system (CNS) maintains homeostasis to counteract clinical impairment is not known. Objective: We analyse the structural connectivity of white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) networks to understand the absence of clinical decline as the disease progresses. Methods: A total of 138 relapsing–remitting MS patients (classified into six groups by disease duration) and 32 healthy controls were investigated using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Networks were analysed using graph the…